The Intrinsic and Extrinsic Barriers to Learning and Development free essay sample

I have been given the undertaking to converse with you about Inclusive training and the inborn and outward boundaries to learning and advancement. What is comprehensive instruction? In accordance with global patterns, South African instruction is moving endlessly from a custom curriculum towards an approach of incorporation (I. e. Incorporation of students with incapacities, impedances and truly distraught as far as access to educational plan into standard schools). Universal and South African viewpoints on consideration are firmly identified with more extensive social worries about human rights. The new Constitution features regard for the privileges of all, with specific accentuation on the acknowledgment of decent variety. This suggests a comprehensive way to deal with training as in all students are qualified for suitable instruction. It was contended by Engelbrecht et al. (1999: viii) this is just conceivable on the off chance that one instruction framework is at risk for instructive arrangement, and not two frameworks (I. e. standard and custom curriculum framework). Anyway with the end goal for it to be powerful, schools, study halls and instructors should be set up to change and upheld in doing as such. There has never been a proper avoidance in our nation. Students with a wide assortment of a custom curriculum needs were and are to be found in numerous homerooms. The distinction currently is that these students are perceived as reserving the option to get to the educational plan and the privilege to an educational program which is fitting to their adapting needs. This has suggestions for the idea of the school and study hall situations, the idea of the educational program and jobs of instructors, guardians and networks in the training everything being equal. A guarantee to consideration doesn't imply that all students with a specialized curriculum needs will fundamentally be in standard homerooms. There will consistently be a rare sorts of people who are better provided food for in discrete situations. Consideration and instruction for all The 1994 report from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), expressed and I quote. â€Å"The core value that advises this system is that schools ought to suit all students paying little mind to their physical, scholarly, social, passionate, etymological or different conditions. This ought to incorporate impaired and skilled students, road and working students, students from remote or migrant populaces, students from phonetic, ethnic or social minorities and students from other burdened or minimized region or gatherings. † as it were, incorporation isn't just about recreating arrangement for students with incapacities, yet is a methods for stretching out instructive chances to a wide scope of minimized gatherings who may generally have had a next to zero access to tutoring. This is of incredible essentialness in our nation, considering our past (politically-sanctioned racial segregation period). There are numerous diaries and books dependent on comprehensive training, and how to run a comprehensive school and study hall, so before continuing endlessly, I will quickly diagram events of boundaries to learning and advancement of students. There are two gatherings: inherent variables †those situated inside the individual student themselves. The students are generally brought into the world with explicit attributes, for example, visual deficiency or a missing extremity. The subsequent hindrance is extraneous elements †those radiating from outside the student †that is their condition, home, childhood and instructing (Weeks, 2003: 19). On the off chance that we take a gander at: 1. Inborn boundaries The most conspicuous inherent elements are physical as well as physiological debilitations and character qualities which are brought about by numerous variables. In the event that I’m tired of my own voice at this point, I don’t need to envision how you might be feeling, so I will just framework a couple of general causes (Weeks, 2003:21). 1. 1. Hereditary or inherited elements We acquire out hereditary sythesis as chromosomes and we get an equivalent sum from each parent. Similarly as one acquires certain attributes of the guardians, for instance eye and hair shading, so as well, can a physical or physiological disability be acquired. Instances of this are poor visual perception and low degrees of knowledge. At times anomalous qualities are not acquired, yet something turns out badly with the hereditary piece during the beginning times of improvement in the uterus. This is known as â€Å"chromosomal† or â€Å"genetic† deviations. Down’s disorder and Turner’s condition may result and these students for the most part have a scholarly hindrance ((Weeks, 2003: 22). 1. 2. Previously, during and after-birth cerebrum harm A kid may experience the ill effects of different components radiation, measles or syphilis infusions, a damaged placenta, an inconsistency of blood gatherings, and so forth. During birth they may endure cerebrum harm if there is an entanglement during childbirth and; after birth; mind harm might be brought about by mishaps, ailments, for example, meningitis and, polio which may bring about changeless muscle loss of motion. Here are a couple of types of physical disabilities that are legitimately related to cerebrum harm: Epilepsy, cerebral paralysis, learning debilitations, for example, dyslexia or dyscalculia and certain types of scholarly, hearing and visual weaknesses. Students with these disabilities require exceptional instructive strategies and helps and accordingly have uncommon instructive needs, for instance, dazzle students require Braille machines. Before, these students were instructed in exceptional schools however now, the new enactment remembers them for the standard of training (Weeks, 2003:22). 1. 3. Character issues Some students have explicit characters that negatively affect their scholastic accomplishment and offers ascend to hindrances to their learning. These characteristics might be acquired or could be molded by extraneous variables (Weeks, 2003:23). Models: †¢Some students are incredibly timid and can't champion themselves. They need certainty to pose inquiries and question articulations. †¢Rebellious students and consideration searchers would prefer not to regard the authority of instructors. Instructors become disturbed and disappointed with them, consequently disregarding and rebuffing them routinely. This effects on the students accomplishment in a negative manner as the student loses intrigue and inspiration for school work. †¢Learners with a low confidence don't have the steadiness to exceed expectations. The smallest negative experience is a considerably more prominent debilitation on their inspiration to progress admirably. Presently I will diagram the second boundary which is: 2. Outward factors Extrinsic obstructions are not boundaries inside the students themselves. They are completely ordinary during childbirth yet conditions outside or past are insufficient to such an extent that they unfavorably influence their turn of events and learning and at last reason obstructions to their learning. Let’s investigate the principal factor (Weeks, 2003:23). 2. 1. Ecological components 2. 1. 1 Unfavorable financial conditions Learners of lower financial gatherings face numerous obstructions to their achievement in training. Many do well in school in spite of the troubles looked in different parts of their lives. Be that as it may, they are substantially more likely than their friends of a higher financial condition to be behind in their achievement and to leave school prior and with less capabilities, and are at far more serious danger of being prohibited from school. There are numerous reasons why students of lower financial gatherings will in general have low accomplishment. Some face such a significant number of troubles in their lives that tutoring may appear to be of low need to them and to the associations offering help. Tutoring is additionally regularly given deficient need when making and checking on care plans. There are extra factors related with along these lines of life that are not helpful for accomplishing great scholastic outcomes with respect to the student. Coming up next are instances of overflowing conditions: Poor clinical administrations, poor lighting, squeezed, stuffed and uproarious homes makes considering troublesome, constrained time for study since students are frequently expected to do house tasks and work throughout the week end to enhance the family salary, an absence of psychological incitement on the grounds that there is practically zero perusing material at home, poor language use, a lack of good examples, a general disposition about renunciation of life, Irregular and poor school participation and ultimately, a general unwinding of ethics (Weeks, 2003:24). These dangerous social conditions normally start a chain response. There are barely any schools in these regions and when there is training it isn't of an exceptionally exclusive requirement (it is connected that acceptable educators are typically found in good conditions). As indicated by Reglin (1992) these students would perform better at school if their folks and relatives engaged with their school scholastics and public activities, which we as educators completely concur. 2. 1. 2. Urban and rustic zones In urban areas, students regularly experience childhood in high rises, generally the two guardians and the single parent works. There is no parent management when students get back from school and along these lines the student can do as he/she satisfies. Youthful students are bound to the level and don't have the chance to play outside, while the more seasoned students meander uninhibitedly in shopping centers an in the city. There is next to no power over their tutoring and schoolwork and this prompts thin incitement to educational accomplishment. Contrastingly, in provincial regions, education is a lot higher than in urban areas. Guardians who themselves are unskilled; don't generally observe the estimation of instruction for their kids. They anticipate that them should leave school at a beginning time with the goal that they can enhance the family’s salary. These students go to class sporadically in light of the fact that they need to crowd cows and till fields (Weeks, 2003:25-26). 2. 1. 3. Prosperous territories Environments need not be distraught to negatively affect learners’ improvement at school. In prosperous zones there are factors that give rise

Investments in Computer Integrated Manufacturing Technology Essay

Interests in Computer Integrated Manufacturing Technology - Essay Example By altogether acknowledging and looking at these inquiries that should be tended to, then we will have the option to go to a substantially more educated and understanding perspective on this topic nearby, and too we will have the option to subsequently think of new and inventive techniques with respect to what strategies and means ought to be taken so as to put a progressively positive turn on this issue by and large. This is the thing that will be dissertated in the accompanying. There are genuinely a wide range of advantages when we discuss the term CIM (PC coordinated assembling) issues, and what CIM truly is should be appropriately comprehended before any further measures can be taken in this respects. Truth be told, CIM is an assembling theory where the capacities for the association, from item definition to the aura of the last item, are accomplished utilizing PC, correspondence, and data advances (Wikipedia, 2007). There are fundamentally three distinct segments that are thought of and known as being basic with respect to the execution of adaptable structure and assembling in this respects, and this incorporates of the accompanying three parts: the methods for information stockpiling, recovery, control and introduction; the components by which to detect state and alter substance; and finally, the procedures by which to join them. The CIM stage is the stage which is utilized to portray the total mechanization of an assembling plant, with all procedures working under PC control and computerized data integrating them (Rockford Consulting Group, 1999). Fundamentally then the CIM stage is definitely one of the most critical, and there are clearly a wide range of advantages that are picked up from CIM in general. For what reason Might DCF Methods not Take These Benefits Into Consideration When Evaluating CIM Investments There are very a significant number answers with regards to the thinking concerning why DCF techniques may not take the advantages that are closed as being from CIM forms into thought when they are assessing CIM ventures; first we should comprehend what the DCF truly is, so as to see better. The DCF (limited income) is a methods in this respects which utilizes certain strategies for examination which have both previously and as of late go under certain analysis. It truly started during the 1980s when the utilization of these DCF techniques started going under this analysis, and specifically they were seen as particularly lacking when they were being utilized to assess interests in CIM advancements, the same number of pundits guaranteed and squeezed to contend the way that these DCF strategies for analys

Puerto Rican Writers, Poets, and Essayists

Puerto Rican Writers, Poets, and Essayists As most know, Hurricane Maria hit Puerto Rico on Tuesday, September 20, 2017. It was the worst storm the island has seen in 89 years. Words like catastrophic and apocalyptic work well to describe the aftermath. There was damage to the entire electrical grid, and there are still very limited communications. This is along with flooding, ridiculous amounts of wind and water damage, and agriculture being wiped out. It would be an understatement to say it will take a long while to recover. I’m Puerto Rican. On the island are family members and a lot of people I care about. The island is a place I love. I have not lived there since before third grade, but it doesnt just leave you. It lingers, and in some ways it will always be home. I’m devastated about the state of Puerto Rico, and about the way everything has been handled after this disaster. To counteract my immense sadness, I’m remembering the beautiful aspects that make up Puerto Rico and its people. This has made me realize that I hardly ever see anything about Puerto Rican writers. I mean, I rarely see news about anyone from Puerto Rico unless it’s a tiny group of celebrities. The intellectual and creative culture of the island isn’t something a lot of people get to learn about. But its rich, and there is a deep history of people using their minds and words to spread ideas, and create stories. I want to try and spread some Puerto Rican culture. Plus, I want to try to show that we are more than the fiery personalities or ample curves that are so often highlighted in media depictions. Puerto Ricans are complex people, defined by a complicated history. There is no singular Puerto Rican viewpoint, perspective, or character. Were artists, were farmers, were musicians, were revolutionaries, were storytellers, were survivors, and were a million other things. Puerto Rican Writers One of the best ways to show the life of a culture is through reading its writings. So, I’ve compiled a list of some Puerto Rican writers. This is by no means an official, complete list, but it might help you find an author whose writing you want to check out. Ive tried to include writers of different formats and genres, so hopefully there is someone for everyone. I think it cant hurt to expand your reading horizons, especially when it leads to a better understanding of other cultures. Esmeralda Santiago   Novelist, also known for her memoirs. When I Was Puerto Rican Victor Hernandez Cruz Poet. Part of the Nuyorican Movement. Snaps, The Mountain Sea: Poems Quiara Alegria Hudes Playwright and composer. Elliot, A Soldiers Fugue Enrique Laguerre Novelist, playwright, newspaper columnist, critic. Benevolent Masters Yolanda Arroyo Pizarro Novelist, short story writer, and essayist. Ojos de Luna (Moon Eyes) Miguel Algarin Poet. Co-founder of the Nuyorican Poets Cafe. Times Now/Ya Es Tiempo Manuel Zeno Gandia   Novelist, also a medical doctor. The Pond  (generally acknowledged as the first major Puerto Rican novel) Alejandro Tapia y Rivera Novelist, poet, playwright, essayist. El Heliotropo   Luisa Capetillo Feminist, labor organizer, anarchist, writer.  Interesting fact: known as the first woman in Puerto Rico to wear trousers. She was actually arrested for wearing trousers when she went to Cuba. A Nation of Women: An Early Feminist Speaks Out; Mi Opinion Sobres Las Libertades, Derechos y Deberes de la Mujer Maria Bibiana Benitez First female poet of Puerto Rico. Also a playwright. La Ninfa de Puerto Rico, La Cruz del Morro   Eleanor Parker Sapia   Novelist. A Decent Woman   Judith Ortiz Cofer Poet, novelist, essayist. Silent Dancing: A Partial Remembrance of a Puerto Rican Childhood Rosario Ferre Short story writer, novelist, essayist, critic. Eccentric Neighborhoods,  The House on the Lagoon   Miguel PiÃ'ero Playwright, co-founder of the Nuyorican Poets Cafe. Short Eyes.   Eduardo Lalo Novelist. Simone Erika Lopez Novelist, cartoonist, performance artist. Flaming Iguanas: An Illustrated All-Girl Road Novel Thing Zoe Jimenez Corretjer Poet, short story writer, novelist, academic essayist. Cantigos del Lago Giannina Braschi Poet, novelist, essayist, dramatist. Yo-Yo Boing!   Mayra Santos-Febres Poet, novelist, essayist, literary critic, professor of literature. Sirena Selena   Eugenio Maria de Hostos Novelist, lawyer, sociologist. La Peregrinación de Bayoán Luz Maria Umpierre Poet, literary critic. The Margarita Poems Piri Thomas   Poet, also know for his memoir. Part of the Nuyorican movement. Down These Mean Streets Nicholasa Mohr   Novelist, childrens book author, playwright, short story writer. First Hispanic woman to have her work published by the major publishing houses in modern times. El Bronx Remembered Marta Moreno Vega Memoirist. Founder of the Caribbean Cultural Center African Diaspora Institute. When the Spirits Dance Mambo: Growing Up Nuyorican in El Barrio   Irene Vilar   Memoirist, often writes about generational trauma and reproductive rights. The Ladies Gallery: A Memoir of Family Secrets Jose de Diego Journalist, poet, lawyer. Cantos de Rebeldía Julia de Burgos Poet Song of the Simple Truth: The Complete Poems of Julia de Burgos   RenÉ MarquÉs Short story writer, playwright. The Oxcart/La Carreta   Ricardo AlegrÍa Cultural anthropologist, archaeologist, Puerto Rican scholar. Discovery, Conquest and Colonization of Puerto Rico, 1493â€"1599

Psychodynamic Counselling Theory Free Essay Example, 1500 words

18). Psychosocial development The turning point in the history of psychoanalytic thought was given by Jung who proposed the idea that personality development is an ongoing process and occurs in adulthood too (Cavanaugh & Blanchard-Fields, 2006,p. 352). Jung’s idea proved to be a break from Freudian thought which believed that after adolescence stage, the personality development stops (Cavanaugh & Blanchard-Fields, 2006,p. 353). However, the best-known life-span theory was Erik Erikson’s (1982), who stressed the importance of the role of social elements in the development of personality and developed a psychosocial theory showing the sequential and orderly manner in which people grow during their life-span (Cavanaugh & Blanchard-Fields, 2006,p. 353). Erikson proposed that there are eight stages in a life cycle of human being and according to him, every stage brings a struggle between the inner psychological influence and the outer social influences (Cavanaugh & Blanchard-Fields, 2006,p. 353). Personality is determined by how a person resolves and interacts with these two forces (Cavanaugh & Blanchard-Fields, 2006,p. 353). Erikson believed that as later stages and the future behavior of a person has its roots in the past, the initial stages of development should be positive in order to assure a positive and healthy development of that person(Cavanaugh & Blanchard-Fields, 2006,p. We will write a custom essay sample on Psychodynamic Counselling Theory or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now 353). Hence, as the first stage in theory is trust versus mistrust, he believes that an infant who develops a feeling of trust in the world feels very secure and comfortable (Cavanaugh & Blanchard-Fields, 2006,p. 353). The remaining stages describe the conflict between different emotions and they are as follows: 2. autonomy vs. shame, 3. initiative vs. guilt, 4. peer acceptance vs. inferiority, 5. identity vs. identity confusion, 6. intimacy vs. isolation, 7. generativity vs. stagnation, and 8. integrity vs. despair (Cavanaugh & Blanchard-Fields, 2006,p. 353). According to Erikson, people who resolve these conflicts in different stages gain the psychological strength of wisdom in their old age (Cavanaugh & Blanchard-Fields, 2006,p. 354). Psychosexual development In the year 1964, Freud proposed a psychosexual theory in which he stated that to fulfill different biological needs, a child goes through five psychosexual stages and they are oral, anal, phallic, latent and genital (Sigelman & Rider, 2006, p. 31). Each stage brings a conflict between the biological instincts and the social demands (Sigelman & Rider, 2006, p.

The Leadership Styles Of Social Work - 2290 Words

Social work is one of the most diverse fields in that there are so many distinct areas that social workers can specialize in such as family, children and school social work; community social work; health and medical social work; mental health and psychiatric social work; substance abuse social work; hospice social work; military social work; as well as positions in policy, administration and research. Because the field is so varied, there is no one size fits all leadership style. Each of these distinct subdivisions of the social work field calls for different leadership styles. Also dependent on the most effective leadership style in any given work environment is the employees themselves, as some may need a more transactional approach where as other may work better with a non-transactional laissez-faire style of leadership. Taking this information into consideration, it would seem that full-range leadership would be the best approach when discussing the broad field of social work. Th e leader would need to be knowledgeable about the many different styles of leadership so that they would be able to apply the right leadership style to the appropriate situation or to fit the employee’s personality or level of expertise. The full-range leadership model is composed of both transactional and transformational styles of leadership, with the knowledgeable leader applying the appropriate style to match the situation and or employee. Bass et al. posits that the leaders that are mostShow MoreRelatedLeadership Styles And How They Influence Social Work1364 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership Styles and How They Influence Social Work Curtis E. Mitchell Colombia College Hums 345: Working with Communities Organizations Abstract Acquiring positions of authority comes with the added responsibility of making sure you are correctly and competently communicating the ideals set forth by your agency. 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Burns described transforming leadership as an interaction between leaders and followers so that they â€Å"raise one another to higher levels of motivation and morality†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Wren, 1995, p. 101). Burns’s colleague, Bernard Bass, formulated the theory of transformational leadership based on Burns’s original idea. The simple word change implies that leadership is a process rather

Teen’s Alcohol Abuse Free Essays

The study aims to identify the factors influencing alcohol abuse among teenagers whose age range from 13 to 19 years. Stratified random sampling will be applied, with samples coming from across the state to ensure the heterogeneity of the sample in terms of the variables being studied. Stratified random sampling is done by dividing the population into strata, in this case by the towns the respondents currently reside, then by employing simple random sampling from each stratum (or town) (Johnston, B. We will write a custom essay sample on Teen’s Alcohol Abuse or any similar topic only for you Order Now , and Christensen, L., 2000). The target number of sample will be set at 10% of the 13-19 year old population in each town (rural or urban). A possible barrier to achieving this set number of sample however is the difficulty in achieving this huge target due to the limited time and financial resources. A solution seen to overcome this barrier is through the use of the internet and sending of electronic mails to reach the respondents. The use of this type of method of data gathering may possibly cause risks in the validity of the answers given by the respondents. Confusion on the part of the respondents may take place, and the researcher may not be available at all times to attend to clarifications. In order for this threat to be avoided, the survey questions have been constructed to be simple and concise. This sample is said to be representative of the population because of the randomization that has been done to assure that the sample is composed of individuals who are not in any way homogenized in one or more traits or characteristics being studied. The survey tool used is a 13-item questionnaire with open-ended and closed-ended questions. Possible answers which are mutually exclusive have been constructed. Should the answer not be found in the list of answers, then the sample may choose to state his response. The survey tool and variables measured The variables are demographic in nature such as age, and several socio-cultural variables such as the individuals the respondent is currently living with, annual family income, the drinking history of the parents, attitude of the parents towards alcohol, and the respondent’s experience in witnessing violence and the frequency of witnessing this violence. Behavioral and attitudinal characteristics of the respondents will also be measured, such current alcohol intake, frequency of alcohol intake, and history of alcohol abuse, and availability of or accessibility to alcohol. The variable â€Å"age† is defined as the age of the respondent in years at the time of the study. This variable is answered by the second survey question, which is a closed-ended one. Since the level of measurement is ratio, the response to this item will be coded as it is. â€Å"Companion in Residence† is defined as the individual/s (if any) with whom the respondent has live with for the most part of his life. This has been defined in such a manner due to the assumption that should an individual’s beliefs or behavior be affected by another individual, this effect is said to be incurred by the person he has lived with longest in his life. Possible responses to this question include parents, relatives or guardians, friends or peers, or none. It is a closed-ended type of survey question. The variable â€Å"annual family income† is defined as the average income in US$ incurred by the family in one year. It will be measured in the fourth survey question which is a closed-ended one. The lowest class of the range has been set at less than $5000, whereas the highest has been set at $65,001 and above. Since the level of measurement is ratio, the response to this item will be coded as it is. The variable â€Å"alcohol drinking† is defined as the respondent’s current behavior towards alcohol, i.e. if he at present drinks or does not drink alcohol. This variable will be measured in the fifth survey question, where the respondent answers â€Å"yes† to indicate that he currently drinks alcohol, or a â€Å"no† to indicate that he does not currently drink alcohol. The question is a closed ended one. How to cite Teen’s Alcohol Abuse, Papers

Ups Smart Labels free essay sample

What role do they play in UPS operations? Smart labels are computerized, bar-coded label that is used to provide shipping information. They play a huge role in UPS operations because they provide customer information for shipping which makes for faster and more reliable shipping. The label is scanned at each part of shipment and delivery so the customer can track their packages and it’s accounted for from start to finish. 2. Write out the steps a package takes from pick-up by a UPS driver to delivery including the role of DIAD, the UPS Data Center, and the UPS Package Center. The driver picks up the package from the customer and creates a smart label that contains all shipping information and a tracking number, this information is sent to the warehouse. The driver will always carry a DIAD which is a basically a hand held computer that will show the driver which routes to take and his stops for the day. We will write a custom essay sample on Ups Smart Labels or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The driver will scan the package information into the DIAD so that the information is available to the Data Center and to the customer. All packages will be process through a UPS package center. 3. What role does wireless communication play in the UPS systems? Wireless communication allows the UPS drivers to have complete flexibility in the field and up to date information about changes to their routes or new pick-ups. This makes more efficient deliveries and pick-ups for the customers and I would imagine it makes for better fuel mileage which is really important these days. 4. How has information technology transformed the package delivery business? Information technology has had a huge impact on the package delivery business by allowing more efficient and customer oriented business practices. The logistics side of the business has been greatly improved because the drivers are being tracked and their whereabouts is known at all times and also the drivers know immediately if their route or pick up has changed. 5. How does UPSs investment in IT help it achieve the strategic business objectives described in Chapter 1? Without the most efficient and up to date software and hardware, UPS would not be able to compete with other package delivery firms. It’s a very competitive market and with the right information technology UPS is able to add real value to their business.

Self-Published is not a Dirty Word

Self-Published is not a Dirty Word Self-Published is not a Dirty Word Self-Published is not a Dirty Word By Maeve Maddox In the old days, publishing companies that catered to writers who were willing to pay to have their books printed were called Vanity Presses. Family historians aside, writers who paid to publish were assumed to have failed in selling their work to a real publisher because it wasnt good enough, but they were determined to see their words in print anyway; hence the word vanity. This perception has changed along with the publishing industry. Diversity suffered when the little houses were gobbled up by the big ones. Todays conglomerates are unwilling to buy a book unless they feel it will generate a huge readership. As a result, many books that would appeal to a significant number of readers are rejected because the house doesnt think theyll appeal to a large enough audience. William P. Youngs book is a case in point. Youngs novel The Shack has been on the NY Times best seller list since June. He wrote the book as a Christmas gift for his family. They passed it around and friends urged him to publish it. One of the friends, Brad Cummings, says that Christian publishers turned it down because it was too edgy, and secular publishers turned it down because it was too Jesus-y. The book didnt fit publishers guidelines, but it has certainly hit the spot with readers. Sales of The Shack have passed the million mark and show no sign of abating. Books that sell a million copies, no matter who publishes them, are rare. According to one estimate, a major publisher considers a book a success if it sells 20,000 copies, whereas a smaller publisher might be happy with sales of 7,500 copies. Writers who make the decision to self-publish need to know what theyre getting into. Theyll have to be managers and marketers as well as writers. Theyll have to watch out for publishing scams that prey on the inexperienced. Self-publishing isnt for everyone, but it is valid way to get your book into circulation. At the least, an energetic marketer can expect to cover expenses and earn a modest profit. And theres always the possibility that the book may grab the attention of a larger public. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Definitely use "the" or "a"List of 50 Great Word Games for Kids and AdultsRite, Write, Right, Wright

Calculate Solubility of AgCl From Solubility Product

Calculate Solubility of AgCl From Solubility Product This example problem demonstrates how to determine the solubility of an ionic solid in water from a substances solubility product. Problem The solubility product of silver chloride (AgCl) is 1.6 x 10-10 at 25  °C.The solubility product of barium fluoride (BaF2) is 2 x 10-6 at 25  °C. Calculate the solubility of both compounds. Solutions The key to solving solubility problems is to properly set up your dissociation reactions and define solubility. Solubility is the amount of reagent that will be consumed to saturate the solution  or reach the equilibrium of the dissociation reaction. AgCl The dissociation reaction of AgCl in water is: AgCl (s) ↔ Ag (aq) Cl- (aq) For this reaction, each mole of AgCl that dissolves produces 1 mole of both Ag and Cl-. The solubility would then equal the concentration of either the Ag or Cl ions. solubility [Ag] [Cl-] To find these concentrations, remember this formula for solubility product: Ksp [A]c[B]d So, for the reaction AB ↔ cA dB: Ksp [Ag][Cl-] Since [Ag] [Cl-]: Ksp [Ag]2 1.6 x 10-10 [Ag] (1.6 x 10-10) ½ [Ag] 1.26 x 10-5 M solubility of AgCl [Ag] solubility of AgCl 1.26 x 10-5 M BaF2 The dissociation reaction of BaF2 in water is: BaF2 (s) ↔ Ba (aq) 2 F- (aq) The solubility is equal to the concentration of the Ba ions in solution. For every mole of Ba ions formed, 2 moles of F- ions are produced, therefore: [F-] 2 [Ba] Ksp [Ba][F-]2 Ksp [Ba](2[Ba])2 Ksp 4[Ba]3 2 x 10-6 4[Ba]3 [Ba]3  ¼(2 x 10-6) [Ba]3 5 x 10-7 [Ba] (5 x 10-7)1/3 [Ba] 7.94 x 10-3 M solubility of BaF2 [Ba] solubility of BaF2 7.94 x 10-3 M Answers The solubility of silver chloride, AgCl, is 1.26 x 10-5 M at 25  °C.The solubility of barium fluoride, BaF2, is 3.14 x 10-3 M at 25  °C.

Ikea smilaraties and defferences among international competitors Essay

Ikea smilaraties and defferences among international competitors - Essay Example Due to these, the company had a hard time gaining recognition by consumers in the market. However, in an attempt to develop economically and increase the customer base, the organization started considering the operational details, cost control, and constant product development. This attributes made the company unique from its opponents. In terms of making itself dissimilar to its opponents, IKEA uses the differentiation strategy effectively and efficiently. In this strategy, IKEA gazes for economic advantage through offering products that are alleged to be superior and different from the products of competitors by its consumers owing to its unique features. For instance, the superiority of the products. Secondly, the organization seeks to be different in its market along some magnitudes that are treasured among consumers. It chooses a single or several attributes that many consumers in a market perceive as significant and exclusively positions itself to accomplish those needs. To conclude, IKEA also has a unique price that is fairly lesser than other competitors are, thi s lower price comes from the large-scale procurement the company is involved in, thus making them superior to

What Are Staff Perceptions Of Safeguarding Children And How The Essay

What Are Staff Perceptions Of Safeguarding Children And How The Implement Into Practise - Essay Example This essay stresses that the concerned staff members maintain their responsibility towards the children in effective manner. Additionally, analysis of the staff perception with respect to safeguarding of children signifies the fact that the practitioners are aware of their duties and responsibilities and practice. However, the presentation provided to the practitioners has proved to be more beneficial as it has further enhanced the quality of services provided to the concern child. The collected data also signifies that the children are most vulnerable to different situation of abuse in nursery setting. However, facilitating proper communication between staff, parents, teachers as well as children required to maintain proper environment of nursery and care. Moreover, the staff members interacts with the higher authorities in order to solve different issues with respect to child abuse is highly important. This paper makes a conclusion that the staff members are regarded to have provided with proper training with the aim of enhancing their ability and skills timely. Safeguarding of children not only requires development of proper environment, but also requires for proper identification of abuse faced by the children. In this regard, it can be recommend that providing facilities to develop competency skills can be beneficial for both the staff members as well as service providers to facilitate better care to children.

Americans without Health Insurance Essay -- Medical Insuance Health

The Uninsured States of America Nearly 48 million Americans had no health care coverage in 2005, and the number will continue to grow if this country does not enact new policies to defuse this crisis (Families USA 2). Families USA, a nonprofit and nonpartisan organization that advocates for public health contracted with Dr. Kenneth Thorpe, Professor and Chair of the Department of Health Policy and Management at Emory University, to analyze data from the U.S. Census Bureau and other national databases to study the fiscal impact on this country of so many uninsured people. This study, released in June 2005, found that the overwhelming majority of uninsured people are workers in low-wage jobs (Families 10). With the advent of national welfare reform in 1996, millions of people entered the low-wage workforce and lost their Medicaid eligibility. According to Judith Feder, Dean of Policy Studies at Georgetown University, â€Å"Since most people leaving welfare find themselves in low-paying jobs without coverage, loss of public coverage leaves them without health coverage altogether† (Feder 29). Moreover, many corporations, pressured by global competition to hold down labor costs, are increasingly asking their employees to share a greater portion of the escalating cost of health insurance premiums, if employers offer benefits at all. In fact, a study by the Commonwealth Fund reports that more than one-quarter of workers in companies with over 500 employees do not receive employer-based coverage, and that one in every three full-time workers with incomes below $35,000 is uninsured (Commonwealth 1). Low-wage workers are therefore caught in an untenable situation. They do not qualify for Medicaid and cannot afford to buy hea... ..."The State of Health Care." The Heritage Foundation. 21 January 2004. The Heritage Foundation. 13 Mar. 2006 . "Paying a Premium." Families USA. 1 June 2005. Families USA. 20 Mar. 2006 Rowland, Diane. Committe on Ways and Means. 9 March 2004. House Committee on Ways and Means. 13 Mar. 2006 . "The Uninsured: A Primer." Kaiser Family Foundation. 1 January 2006. Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured. 20 Mar. 2006 . Wilson, Katherine. "Snapshot: Health Care Costs 101, 2005 Edition." CHCF. June 2005. California Health Care Foundation. 13 Mar. 2006 .

Gothic Themes in Edgar Allen Poe’s “the tell-tale Heart” Essay

In â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart,† Edgar Allan Poe revolves the story around a raving individual and the object in which he obsesses over. This theme of insanity is progressed throughout the entire story by Poe’s style of gothic writing. Gothic-style writing is defined by using these elements: abnormal psychological behavior, creating a gloomy or threatening atmosphere, connections between the setting and its characters’ thought processes or behavior, and supernatural components. Poe’s usage of these gothic elements builds up the central theme in the â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart.† Poe’s major element of gothic literature, which establishes the main theme of insanity, is the use of abnormal psychological behavior. The narrator proves his insanity at the very beginning by ranting about his nervousness and states his fear that the reader will assume he is mad, â€Å"How, then, am I mad? Hearken! And observe how healthily–how calmly I can tell you the whole story,† (The Gold-Bug and other tales*, pg. 74). The mere fact that he is afraid of being thought of as a madman does not prove that his psyche is abnormal. Poe manifests the narrator’s insanity by having him state that his preconceived murder has no purpose, â€Å"It haunted me day and night. Object there was none. Passion there was none,† (GB, pg. 74). The reader can see the narrator’s madness again after he divulges his plan to the reader, stating, â€Å"Ha!–would a madman have been so wise as this?† (GB, pg. 74). Eventually the narrator’s mind g ets the best of him and he kills the old man, but afterwards, his attitude is down right odd and sadistic, â€Å"In an instant I dragged him to the floor, and pulled the heavy bed over him. I smiled gaily, to find the deed so far done,† (GB, pg. 76). By having the narrator smile after killing the old man, Poe creates a picture of a raving lunatic in the readers’ mind. As the plot heightens, so does the narrator’s dementia. Police officers arrive at the narrator’s home shortly after he has finished disposing of the body. Feeling supercilious, the narrator invites them in to chat; sitting directly over the old man’s dismembered body. Hearing what he thinks to be the old man’s heartbeat, the narrator’s nervousness grows while he is chatting with the police officers. Poe, once again, show’s us the narrator’s insanity through his resulting actions, â€Å"I foamed–I raved–I swore! I swung my chair upon which I had been sitting, and grated it upon the boards,† (GB, pg. 77). The reader can really see the  climax of the narrator’s abnormal psyche when he actually thinks that the police of ficers can hear the beating heart too, â€Å"They heard!–they suspected!–they knew!–they were making a mockery of my horror!† (GB, pg. 78). In â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† Poe creates this kind of dismal and frightening atmosphere that is traditional to gothic style writing. By choosing dark or depressing words, Poe creates a dreary mood for the reader. This mood then reflects upon the characters’ thinking in the story. The narrator describes the old man’s eye, his fixation throughout Poe’s story, â€Å"One of his eyes resembled that of a vulture–a pale blue eye, with a film over it. Whenever it fell upon me, my blood ran cold,† (GB, pg. 74). The vulture is a creature of death, and by using this animal instead of another, Poe creates the sense of true evil, not just any old, ugly eye. The word pale gives the eye a quality of dullness or lifelessness, both of which have negative connotations; the film over the eye makes it repulsive to the reader, adding to the full effect of how grotesque this eye really was to the narrator. The reader can perceive from the mood that Poe creates in the story, what is going on in the mind of the narrator. The way that Poe has the narrator describe this eye shows the absolute hatred that he feels towards this eye. It gives the reader insight as to why the narrator is plotting this horrible murder. Each night, the narrator explains, how he goes into the old man’s room, describing it as â€Å"black as pitch with the thick darkness,† (GB, pg. 75). Poe writes the story so that the entire plot occurs at night, during this ‘thick darkness’, making the narrator’s motives even more frightening. The atmosphere surrounding the narrator also reflects upon his emotions. He is about to commit murder, and action full of darkness and hatred, and Poe places the story in a dark, frightening setting instead of during the day or in the light of the narrator’s lantern. This feeling of fright is again created for the reader, by Poe, when the narrator goes into the old man’s room, startling him, â€Å"And it was the mournful influence of the unperceived shado w that caused him to feel–although he neither saw nor heard–to feel the presence of my head within the room,† (GB, pg. 76). Emptiness and a mechanical like quality set the tone for when the narrator speaks of the old man being dead and what he did with the dead remains, â€Å"he was stone, stone  dead†¦First of all I dismembered the corpse. I cut off the head and the arms and legs,† (GB, pg. 76). That quote alone is enough to frighten any reader, and that is exactly what Poe is aiming for by using this particular gothic writing technique. The reader can again see into the mind of the narrator. He is devoid of feeling for this old man, stating that the old man is ‘stone dead’; further more, he meticulously explains the steps of ridding himself of the body after murdering the old man. Poe’s last gothic writing technique to enhance the theme of insanity is the use of supernatural components throughout the story. By having the eye torment the narrator until he viciously murders the old man, Poe is bringing a supernatural aspect into â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart.† The narrator’s hatred for the old man’s eye is unexplainable, and the narrator himself does not even know why he came up with the idea, â€Å"It is impossible to say how first the idea entered my brain,† (GB, pg. 74). This eye almost possesses the narrator, becoming the driving force of his insanity. Another aspect of the supernatural at work in Poe’s story is when the narrator hears the beating of the old man’s heart in his own ears. It’s obviously impossible to hear the beating in the intensity at which the narrator describes it, â€Å"the sound would be heard by a neighbor,† (GB, pg. 76), but Poe adds this sentence to enhance the story’s supernatural aspect. Right after the narrator killed the old man, he could still hear the heart beating, again this feat is impossible, â€Å"for many minutes, the heart beat on with a muffled sound,† (GB, pg. 76). Even after the beating stopped, according to the narrator, it began again, once the police arrived. Poe makes it clear that the beating heart is not just the narrator listening to his own heart, or imagining the sound in his head, â€Å"until, at length, I found that the noise was not within my ears,† (GB, pg. 77). An unexplainable noise that grows louder and louder can only be the work of the supernatural. For the narrator even believes that the police officers can hear the beating too, and are making a mockery of his horror. Poe cleverly intertwined this idea of the supernatural, a gothic writing element, to intensify the lunacy of his main character. Throughout his short stories and poems, Poe uses the technique of gothic writing. In â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† Poe contributes to his main theme by  directly using certain gothic writing elements. More specifically, Poe uses the supernatural, gives his character an aberrant psyche, and creates a murky and chilling atmosphere that also directly correlates with the characters behavior and thinking. SUGGESTIONS: Paragraphs need to be broken up more. A little wordy NOTE: all quotations are taken directly from â€Å"the tell-tale Heart† This is an analysis of Poe’s story and his use of gothic theme writing.

General Daniel Harvey Hill in the Civil War

Utilitarianism The Utilitarian Moral Theory Essay

Utilitarianism-Module 5 1. In its general form, what is the utilitarian moral theory? In its general form, the utilitarian moral theory advocates that an action is morally right if it serves the greatest good for the greatest amount of people. 2. What is hedonism, and what is hedonistic utilitarianism? And, what was Epicurus s view about pleasure? Hedonsim is the principle that suggests that pleasure is the motivator of one’s life and hedonistic utilitarianism is when ethics is determined by how much pleasure or pain is produced from an action. Finally, Epicurus’s view about pleasure suggests that attaining pleasure and avoiding pain is the single standard by which an individual determines happiness and judges his or her actions. 3. What are the four key elements of utilitarianism found in Hutcheson s writings? The four key elements of utilitarianism found in Hutcheson s writings include that one must compute the consequences of his or her actions, the standard of moral evaluation is identified as the greatest amount of happiness or pleasure that results for all affected, consequences enter all computation, and what counts as happiness or pleasure. 4. What are Hume s two contributions to utilitarianism? Hume’s two contributions to utilitarianism include that long-term consequences of actions are as significant as the immediately pleasing consequences of actions and some actions are useful only when followed as a rule. 5. What are the seven criteria ofShow MoreRelatedThe Moral Theory Of Utilitarianism1725 Words   |  7 PagesNumerous moral theories have surfaced in the past years. They have been widely debated by philosophers and social reformers. 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The best result is the one that maximiz es utility, or produces the largest amount of good. Utilitarians define good as pleasure or happiness, since it is the only thing that is intrinsically good. This is not to say that utilitariansRead MoreMoral Theory Of Max Act Utilitarianism1576 Words   |  7 PagesMax Act Utilitarianism Kirill Parshin University of San Francisco  Ethics is all about principles of right conduct. Under the umbrella term, consequentialism has a much more specific moral theory known as max act utilitarianism. Max act utilitarianism is one of the most well known and influential theories that provides the best notion for the theory of right conduct. After a brief explanation of act utilitarianism, the argument of this paper will then seek to favor why act utilitarianism providesRead MoreRetributivism Vs Utilitarian Theory1730 Words   |  7 Pagesconcept of morality and moral â€Å"rules and laws† has as its corollary, the concept of â€Å"rule-breaking† or acting immorally. A common response to immoral behavior is punishments, which leads me to ask the question: how is punishment justified? In his article â€Å"The Classic Debate†, American legal philosopher Joel Feinberg lays out the main points of discourse between the two major theories of justified punishment, which I will deconstruct. 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However, this moral theory does not compare with the majority of people’s instincts– this suggests that act-utilitarianism is problematic and doesRead MoreOn Utilitarianism and Kantian Ethics 1681 Words   |  7 Pages1. Introduction There is little doubt that Utilitarianism and Kantian Ethics are by far the two most important ethical theories throughout contemporary philosophy. Though both attempt to answer questions about morality and behavior, the two theories have many fundamental differences: one evaluates actions in terms of the utility they produce whereas the other considers whether actions fulfill duty; one emphasizes consequence where the other highlights intentions; one sees desire as essential while

Geopolitics Have The Truth Essay - 762 Words

Im in the process of taking my GRE prep so I can do a grad degree. Im trying to study Geopolitics coming from a heavy European and American History background, esp. modern History (1337-1848 in my estimation) and then a heavy focus of the USA (1788-present) and the UK (899-1066, esp 1066-1603, 1688-1815) , Germany (Middle Ages to present) and the so called Eurasian or Greater Mid-east focus, of Marshall Hodgskins variety. Basically studying pre-15c. Eurasian as one mega-civilization. From the Modern History I follow the world system prospective in terms of economy and analysis of economies. The short version is that Spain rose to Hegemony in alliance with Austria, modern Belgium and Italy from 1477-1648, then an uneasy fight Between†¦show more content†¦Like any alarming dice game, its odds become more and more harsh and its costs are human life, money and plunder. Now the nuclear button dissuades open conflict and reminds of us of the period of mercenary warfare which reign ed 1648, before formal standing armies, until the first World War. The problem today, as I will go on speak about in my coming posts is that too many people are unaware of the reasons why the game has changed and what this dice game as I call it, multilateralism, is so deadly. A unilateral war like Iraq cannot occur any longer. Russias invasion of Georgia in 2008 proved that region powers can now change unfriendly govt.s. In reaction to this the NATO powers have unfortunately gone on to back enemy non-state actors like Islamic Terrorists. In some case of the same ideology that is the target of what has been called the War of Terror. Like the War of Drugs. It is obviously not a formal war and yet it has been fought as if it need be one, rather than a mere ideological game changer. 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How far did Stalin’s social policies change Free Essays

How far did Stalin’s social policies change the lives of women and children In the years to 1945? Following Stalin’s succession to power in 1929, once again, Russia was transformed. As part of Socialism In One Country, Stalin focussed his intentions internally. This involved the notorious industrialisation and collectivisation drives which were intended to reform the economy. We will write a custom essay sample on How far did Stalin’s social policies change or any similar topic only for you Order Now Nevertheless, do so, Stalin realised he would have to create a more ordered and disciplined society. Consequently, as part of the Revolution from Above and what was deemed by Sheila Fitzpatrick as the â€Å"great etreat†, where Stalin turned away from the policies of his predecessor, Stalin embarked on numerous social policies which focussed on the reforms of education and family life. Consequently, Stalin’s legislation on the one hand, changed the lives of countless Soviet women and children. Nevertheless, it is also argued that his policies were no similar to previous social legislation under the Tsar and Lenin. Consequently the extent of change and the significance of Stalins policies remains in Following the Russian revolution, Lenin assumed the Premiership of question. Russia and redefined the social polices experienced by women and children. In terms of policies which affected women and the family, Lenin was comparatively Liberal compared to Tsarist Russia. He considered traditional marriage to be slavery, economic and sexual exploitation. Robert Service has argued that as a result, official spokesmen began to urge wives to refuse to give â€Å"automatic obedience to husbands. Lenin went against previously traditional conservative policy and legalised divorce as well as abortion. Lenin attempted to free women from their domestic roles under Tsarism by requisitioning large scale provision of facilities such as canteens, laundries and cr ©ches as party of what is argued by Corin and Fiehn as the â€Å"socialisation of domestic services. † Although, In retrospect, this policy was unaffordable, costing well over the national budget and consequently, the socialisation was not universal, reducing overall change. Nevertheless, Lenin did Implement legislation previously unthinkable to allow free love. as well as the creation the Zhenotdel, which gave opportunity for the first time for women to be involved in the running of the state. Additionally, Lenin reformed the education ystem which ultimately Impacted heavily on children. Lenin focussed on an industrial education which made use of apprenticeship schemes, but to the detriment of a broad education. Yet, also as part of his liberalising of once Tsarist Russia, he took the power to discipline away from teachers and scrapped the examination and homework methods of education. He also denounced all university lectures as members of the bourgeoisie and members of a hostile class in the education was more liberal than anything previous children had ever seen. Under Stalin, the changing of social policies and their effect on women were numerous. Stalin as part of industrialisation put greater emphasis on Job opportunities for women, by 1940 for example, nearly 41% of heavy industry workers were women. Although, in retrospect, women were still underpaid, receiving only 60-65% of a mans salary in the same Job, reducing overall change. Nevertheless, in contrast to Lenin and Tsarist Russia, Stalin put even greater focus on educational opportunities for women, increasing places for the number of women in colleges and universities. Although, again, these courses were purely focussed on industry, reducing overall change from Lenin. Although, as part of urbanisation, women btained greater opportunities to work in agriculture and by 1945, 80% of workers on the collectives were female. Stalin also placed even greater emphasis on propaganda compared to Lenin and employed the Stakhanov spirit in the female working environment to ensure maximum potential. Women also saw greater opportunities to serve in the armed forces and by 1945, half a million Soviet Women had served. However, Stalin did abolish the Zhenotdel, formed under Lenin, reducing women’s ability to be involved in the running of the state once again, as under Tsarism, reducing the breath of change in overall opportunity. Additionally, Lynch argues that he increase in women into the armed forces, whilst increased their equality, increased their likelihood of â€Å"mistreatment† and â€Å"sexual abuse†, especially by senior officers. This bears similarity to pre-Leninism where abuse of women was commonplace, reducing overall significance of Stalin’s social policies effect on changing the lives of women for the better. Although, the state under Stalin compensated the abuse of women in the home itself by introducing a series of social polices which championed the revival of marriage. For example, the state now promoted marriage, legalising wedding rings which had previously been made illegal nder Lenin. Stalin in contrast to Lenin who legalised divorce, limited the availability to end a marriage. This has the effect of reducing the number of women and children becoming impoverished, under Lenin and his policy of free love. Women and children would no longer be left to fend for themselves if a husband chose to divorce. Local Party officials would in addition seek out any husbands who absconded from their marital obligations ensuring this change would be successful and significant. Women were also encouraged more to increase their reproductivity. This was due to greater amounts of women in work as part of industrialisation. Stalin introduced incentives to women with a certain amount of children-7 would gain 2,0000 roubles per year for 5 consecutive years. However, this increased the likelihood of pressure being put on women from their male counterparts to terminate their babies as had been the case when Lenin previously legalised abortion, suggesting a reduction in overall change for the better. Although, Stalin did put in place laws to punish such offence with two years imprisonment and made termination illegal. However, ultimately the banning of abortion was an infringement on civil liberties, similar to that of Tsarism, reducing verall change. Additionally, Stalin reverted back to the traditional role of the women in the home. Whilst his changes meant they could work and could receive state support and were compensated by his promotion of the Women’s Activists Movement their own family as a â€Å"good Communist† should rather than socialise the entire family as Lenin argued. Stalin therefore reverted back to the traditional view of the purpose of women. He however, gave them two roles. Essentially, as Geoffrey Hosking argues â€Å"the fruits of female emancipation became the building blocks of the Stalinists neopatriarchal society. In terms of Stalins social policies and it’s effects on children for the better, they are arguably of less significance. Whilst Stalin continued to run the education system via the state as Lenin condoned, Stalin controlled the education of children to a precedent unseen before. Stalin condoned the more extensive regulation of education in order to shape the next younger generation of society, whom could be easily influenced, into the Communist way of thinking. This was seen most notably in 1935, when Stalin brought the original Tsars Imperial Academy, or Soviets Academy of Sciences under direct state control forcing ersonnel to produce work only in line with Stalinist views. Stalin also reintroduced discipline into children’s lives, giving power back to teachers which had previously been taken away under Lenin. He also further tightened the regulations imposed on children in terms of appearance, such as school uniforms, to surpass Lenin’s attempts to create a truly egalitarian society. Stalin also changed the material in lessons, introducing a new curriculum in 1935 which was created by the state which was accompanied by State prescribed textbooks through which children would now earn; a valuable method in the influencing of the next generation of socialists. Although, in retrospect, it could be argued that state influence in children’s education was not a vast change. Lenin himself had requisitioned a book entitled A Brief History of Russia by Bolshevik Pokrovsky which was acquired as the Soviet School Text Book. Although, state influence in education under Lenin was rather in terms of class struggle. Stalin changed this to an overall insight into the positive age of the Russian past, focussing on fgures such as Peter the Great. He also made it compulsory along ith homework and exams to in fact go to school. Whereas Lenin saw it as a mere obligation to learn the basic aspects of reading and writing, Stalin saw education as essential in breeding a new generation of productive and capable workers and consequently provided free schooling for the first time time up to the age of 15. For example, between 1929 and 1940, the number of children attending school rose from 12 to 35 million. Although, in retrospect, whilst there were grants, most parents of children in secondary education were still expected to pay and certainly could not ttend higher education without such a financial contribution, reducing overall change in terms of opportunity for children. This change is made more insignificant by the fact that ironically, whilst the Russian revolutionaries had poured scorn on the bourgeoisie governing elites that monopolised power previously, Stalin continued to produce an equivalent and did not change this hypocrisy. Party officials were allowed the right for their children to have the best training to give them access to higher education and were often given the best places, similar to the Tsarist elite, and going against Lenin. For example, in the period from 1928-1932, a third of all undergraduates were Party nominees. Essentially, Stalin did not change the existence of a ruling class which allowed their children to dominate the education system. Lynch even argues that, â€Å"it enhanced Stalins power by creating a class of his creatures. In conclusion, essentially, Stalin did make extensive changes in social polices which effected the lives of countless women and children. Authority, discipline and effort were now championed in a drive to become a truly independent Socialist State. In terms of children and their education, Stalin, although he continued ith state intervention, undeniably made changes to allow compulsory education to all which made the literacy rate rise significantly from 51% in 1926 to 88% in 1940, allowing a new breed of educated workers to run the economy. However, Stalins changes to the lives of children are however inevitably undermined by the fact that he did nothing to prevent an intelligentsia forming once again which was allowed to dominate the nomenklatura. Not only was education still streamlined as it had been under Lenin and even under Tsarism in the universities, but ordinary children were till prevented from top posts and were confined to be â€Å"cogs† in the industrialisation process. How to cite How far did Stalin’s social policies change, Papers

Abigail and the girls deny everything Essay Example For Students

Abigail and the girls deny everything Essay Abigail and the girls deny everything. Part od their denial is accusation. By shifting the blame onto someone else, they believe that they will not be held accountable for their own sins. Abigail manipulates her way through the play, and even after Mary Warren confessed that the whole story was a pretense, Abigail continues manipulating the court room and the people within it with antics of a wind, a cold wind and Oh Heavenly Father, take away this shadow. In the end she is adamant to convince the court that they were only involved with witchcraft because of Mary Warren, hoping profusely to save her own name. Denial in Salem is considered a terrible sin. The narrow mindedness of the court possesses an unwritten law that if your name is brought out within the court, without any questioning, you are presumed guily. Innocence is not taken into consideration, and only until the victim confesses,, is the court convinced they were right. There is no hearing for the victim, and if they are innocent, they have the choice of denial, and being hung or confessing an being thrown into jail. Danforth, the deputy governor, is so caught up in his own beliefs and importance that he wont listen to anything that he doesnt want to hear. He is manipulated by Abigail, bu her innocent young girl front by incredulously questioning Proctor this child would murder his wife? It is beyond his narrow comprehension that someone could be telling the truth. John Proctor stood up for his pride and principles. It is obvious that he would rather die with a good name within Salem than live and know that he had broken his own principles and lost his pride. He believed that among his own community he would be lavelled untrustworthy and states God does not need my name nailed upon the church! God sees my name, God know how black my sins are. From these comments, we know that John Proctor is an honest and trusting man who would do anything to save the name of himself, his family and his friends even if it would conclude in his own death I have given you my soul, leave me my nameà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Maybe Proctors strong will to protest caused the whole tragedy to continue on for a longer period of time. Maybe if he hadnt engaged in adultry, he wouldnt have felt nearly as guilty that he had to go and stand before the court for his wife. It could be said that he stood up for her to prove that he still loved her and maybe to regain some her trust back. The Proctors werent the only couple with the tragedy coming between them. Thomas Putnam too was caught in secretly trying to obtain the land and fight Giless accusation of Putnam killing his neighbours to get their land. Goody Putnam is maliciously accusing Tituba of murdering all her babies. These babies at the time, were announced still born,  but now that Tituba is in the public eye because of being linked with Abigail and the starting of the tragedy, she is blamed. Wild accusations are flying around Salem linking people to anything abnormal that has gone wrong. The absurd naming of innocent people becomes an ongoing threat to all within Salem. Francis Nurse is shocked that his wife, Rebecca a pillar of the Salem community has been named before the court by Abigail and the girls. In fact, the entire community is astounded when they hear the news of Rebecca Nurse being named. The act of people naming others, and then those others naming more people still, definantly had a impact on the tragedy, dragging the whole thing out, much longer than it needed to be. .ub362fe4e89c77ccedbe04b5206fa4322 , .ub362fe4e89c77ccedbe04b5206fa4322 .postImageUrl , .ub362fe4e89c77ccedbe04b5206fa4322 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub362fe4e89c77ccedbe04b5206fa4322 , .ub362fe4e89c77ccedbe04b5206fa4322:hover , .ub362fe4e89c77ccedbe04b5206fa4322:visited , .ub362fe4e89c77ccedbe04b5206fa4322:active { border:0!important; } .ub362fe4e89c77ccedbe04b5206fa4322 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub362fe4e89c77ccedbe04b5206fa4322 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub362fe4e89c77ccedbe04b5206fa4322:active , .ub362fe4e89c77ccedbe04b5206fa4322:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub362fe4e89c77ccedbe04b5206fa4322 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub362fe4e89c77ccedbe04b5206fa4322 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub362fe4e89c77ccedbe04b5206fa4322 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub362fe4e89c77ccedbe04b5206fa4322 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub362fe4e89c77ccedbe04b5206fa4322:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub362fe4e89c77ccedbe04b5206fa4322 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub362fe4e89c77ccedbe04b5206fa4322 .ub362fe4e89c77ccedbe04b5206fa4322-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub362fe4e89c77ccedbe04b5206fa4322:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: African American Writers EssayTo prove that all these people were actually guilty also played a part in lengthening the tragedy. Herrick, Cheever and Danforth, all so full of their own importance and strictness of the court the law binds meà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.I cannot budge ask question after question to each victim until finally the defendant breaks down and confesses to save their own lives. Even Hale who feels for the victims towards the end, knows the strictness of the court, thought our hearts break, we cannot flinch, these are new times.

Information Handling the Selection and Acquisition Process

The Character of Lady Macbeth Research Paper Example

The Character of Lady Macbeth Research Paper Example The Character of Lady Macbeth Paper The Character of Lady Macbeth Paper Essay Topic: Macbeth The character of Lady Macbeth is riddled with complications. Discerning her morality is a question that has no definite answer. Essentially her role in the play is as Macbeths wife and regardless of her motives for doing so she is the driving force in the murder of King Duncan. I am going to study the character of Lady Macbeth to determine different ways in which the character could be portrayed. There are two reasons why there is so much uncertainty about her character. The first is being the way the plot unfolds. The first time Lady Macbeth is introduced is in act 1 scene 5 and it is significant that her first sentence is Glamis thou art, and Cawder; and shalt be what thou art promised i. e. King of Scotland, significant because immediately it makes her sound obsessive. After this we see her character conjure evil spirits, this point will be discussed later in detail because it is an important factor in completing the task, but we begin to think that there is only one side to her character. As the play goes on we learn more about Lady Macbeth, which makes us question our pre-conceptions and consequently review previous scenes in this new light. The second reason why her character is ambivalent in nature is quite simply to do with the fact that Macbeth is a play, and therefore will be acted. Different emphasis, pauses, hand movements and changes in the speed of delivery can quite easily alter the way the audience will perceive a particular scene, providing that the text will support this. A very good and simple example for this is: When considering whose idea it is to kill the King, to make it seem like it is Lady Macbeths evil plan we would put emphasis on all uses of first-person pronouns in her lines e. . my fell purpose and Leave all the rest to me. After studying the text I believe that there are three definitive interpretation of Lady Macbeths character. The first version is that of an evil woman who can only achieve her aims through her husband and therefore uses him as a means to get what she wants. Another version of her character is as a supportive wife and therefore partially the victim during the course of Macbe ths quest for the throne, who consciously does everything to please her husband. Finally, she could be portrayed as a loving wife whose impulsive mistakes and hunger for power causes her to lose control, she perhaps feels the killing will stop with that of Duncan. As mentioned she is maybe using Macbeth. This is significant to the middle ages because women did not have any status and were considered the property of their husbands. Ambitious women like Lady Macbeth could only gain consequence through their husbands. If Lady Macbeth convinced Macbeth that he wanted to be king then she would have gained from his actions. The play is full of examples that display Lady Macbeth spurring Macbeth to kill Duncan even when he seems to be against the idea. Most noticeably in act 1 scene 7, Macbeth says, We will proceed no further in this business. Her response to this is: Such I account thy love, suggesting he cannot love her if this is his ultimatum. She also implies he is a coward, Art thou afeard to be the same in thine own act and valour as thou art in desire? After seeing his reaction, I dare do all that may become a man she feels she is motivating him and follows his reply with When you durst do it, then you were a man. She is exasperating his male pride and honour, and ends up manipulating him to do the deed. At one point Lady Macbeth mentions that Macbeth had sworn to carry out the deed when neither time nor place did then adhere. So the killing of Duncan may have been an idea that they shared amongst themselves in the past. This is a good example of newfound knowledge going in favour of Lady Macbeth. Now considering that Lady Macbeth has always been aware of Macbeths vaulting ambition and his plans to kill the King; we can now understand why she immediately concludes that Duncan must be murdered upon reading Macbeths letter. Alternatively, when she says he has sworn, she could be referring to the conversation that they had at the end of act 1 scene 5 in which case she is trying to trick him in to thinking that he had sworn to do it when in fact he said, we will speak further. This is very sly and contributes as evidence towards the argument that she pushed him to kill the king against his better judgement. When a messenger tells Lady Macbeth that the King is to make a visit that night; she makes several interesting comments. Firstly she says, He brings great news. This is a rather awkward line to analyse because it seems to be said in pure delight (with the murder in mind), it is a key line in interpreting her as an opportunistic character. An actress portraying Lady Macbeth as benevolent would very much try to mellow down this statement, by saying it slowly, thoughtfully and with almost a sarcastic undertone in her voice, making it seem as though she is dreading it. In fact this style or similar should be used to mellow down any statement such as That croaks the fatal entrance of Duncan under my battlements. She could say it in an almost sympathetic voice, sorry for him but moreover herself. A smile whilst saying this would be effective in portraying cruelty. Now we arrive at the place in the play where Lady Macbeth conjures evil spirits, this scene adds to our uncertainty about her, but different points can be picked out to serve different purposes/portrayals. Come you spirits 40 That tend on mortal thoughts! Unsex me here, And fill me from the crown to the toe top-full Of direst cruelty; make thick my blood, Stop up the access and passage to remorse, Taking in to account that there are three different interpretations of Lady Macbeth this extract lends itself to all three. The Shakespearean audience would not have looked favourably on witchcraft, which is what Lady Macbeth is doing. From an evil point of view if she were to experience any remorse, it would not be from killing the King, but instead from using her husband, because there is no evidence that suggests she doesnt love him to some degree. However, as a director you may feel that Lady Macbeth is filling her mind with direst cruelty because she is not in fact evil (logically she would only need evil if she was of good nature) and so she needs to invite darkness in to her soul before she can instigate the killing. In contrast, if the actress were to make herself seem vulnerable and if on line thirty-nine (also forty-seven and forty-nine) she put emphasis on the pronoun you (when referring to the evil spirits) she would make herself seem like a victim and successfully create the impression that she is not what they are. There is a scene after the murders where Lady Macbeth faints. It has been argued over, as long as the play itself, whether she fainted to distract attention from her struggling husband or whether strangely she realises the implications of her actions. The line is Help me hence, ho! and then she faints. If one wanted to make out that she did so to distract attention from her husband who was being interrogated then the line would be said in a theatrical and pretentious manner, with perhaps her glancing at him and then fainting. Alternatively to follow the other scenario, she would have to make the fainting more realistic and this could be done by slowly building up to it. At first the supportive wifes part in the play is to spur Macbeth to do the deed, but now we are at the stage in the play where Macbeth has just killed the king and now Lady Macbeth changes her role. She now supports Macbeth and calms him; Consider it not so deeply. When he becomes numb she takes control of the situation, Give me the daggers. She could be doing this because then she will not feel as guilty about using him. Other sections of the script, in this particular scene, such as her cruel pun, For it must seem their guilt and her general calmness in the situation is quite perplexing considering Macbeths numbness. These are points to highlight when making her seem wicked, due to her indifference, highlighted by Macbeths guilt. A point of discussion is why doesnt Lady Macbeth kill Duncan herself? There are several possibilities, of which one is clearly supported by the text. Lady Macbeth said, Had he not resembled my father as he slept, I had donet. Yet it is another view that this is just an excuse and she is using Macbeth to achieve something she cannot do herself, however evil she may be. In this situation I think the first possibility is the most realistic one because Lady Macbeth says the line to the audience and not to Macbeth in the form of reasoning. I think that from her determination and her inability to see the wrong in her actions I think that maybe she could have killed the King herself. Banquo is another character that is murdered in the play; this is done because Macbeth does not want Banquos prophecy to come true for him. We can only speculate whether Lady Macbeth knew about the murder of Banquo. What we do know is that she was aware that Macbeth planned to kill him, he says to her Thou knowst that Banquo and his Fleance lives. In what can be interpreted in a rather sly manner; Lady Macbeth replies with But in them natures copys not eterne. But this time Lady Macbeth doesnt tell Macbeth to leave the matter in her hands but instead it is Macbeth who ends the scene with Be innocent of the knowledge, dearest chuck. This change is significant because it is as if Macbeth now no longer needs Lady Macbeth to spur him anymore. In the end it appears that Lady Macbeth just disappears from the play, a method Shakespeare used in Ki ng Lear. As the audience we have to try and understand why Shakespeare does this. If we see Lady Macbeth as just a functional character whose role is to motivate Macbeth to fulfil his ambitions; then we can conclude she is pulled out of the play after she serves this purpose, but only after we see the effects her actions have had on her. Lady Macbeths last scene is when she goes insane, and it is in her insanity that to some extent she realises what she has done, and the great consequences that they had, who would have thought the old man to have so much blood in him? Quite different from her thoughts at the end of act two scene two, A little water clears us of the deed. She also ponders the fate of others, The Thane of Fife had a wife: where is she now? This is a murder, like that of Banquo, with which she had no direct link with, but she started Macbeth off and must face much of the blame. It is important to mention that the portrayal of Lady Macbeth is very much dependent on how Macbeths role is acted, because what is important is that a balance is struck and that they both complement each other. From the aspect of the play the final scene may have the answer to the question of Lady Macbeths morality. Malcolm having defeated the crazed Macbeth is the saviour or hero of the play and therefore his opinion is to be taken seriously. He declares an end to Macbeths tyrannical rule over Scotland, condemning him and also his fiendish wife. This label for her, coming from Malcolm, is not to be considered gospel but of significant credibility. So far the factors I have taken in to consideration are the most significant scenes in the play for Lady Macbeth, from the evidence I have chosen to play Lady Macbeth as being evil. Now with this decision I will discuss the casting and costumes. The actress who will play Lady Macbeth should be able to look evil yet have a benevolent appeal. An actress who is tall and slim would be the most appropriate, because it will show feminine power, it would be best if she were also beautiful so we could believe that this women could successfully manipulate a man. Facial features would best include visible cheekbones, which gives the notion of power. At first her face should not look plain; make-up should be used to bring colour to her lips and cheeks (building on her sexual power), but also to make her eyes dark so she appears mysterious. Though sometimes overused in the portrayal of evil the costumes should revolve around black and red. Black and red being synonymous with evil, darkness etc. i. e. the characteristics we want to bring out. I would use the costume to emphasise a change in Lady Macbeth from before she conjures the evil spirits to after. Prior to doing so she should wear all black, but then she should incorporate red, the audience will be able to identify with the colours. In between I do not believe that the colours will play a lot of significance. However, for the last scene where she goes mad I would dress her in white, not because she is innocent but because she is vulnerable and the audience will notice the change in her costume as a complement to that in her attributes. Removing the colour from her face would also help emphasise this.