The Intrinsic and Extrinsic Barriers to Learning and Development free essay sample

I have been given the undertaking to converse with you about Inclusive training and the inborn and outward boundaries to learning and advancement. What is comprehensive instruction? In accordance with global patterns, South African instruction is moving endlessly from a custom curriculum towards an approach of incorporation (I. e. Incorporation of students with incapacities, impedances and truly distraught as far as access to educational plan into standard schools). Universal and South African viewpoints on consideration are firmly identified with more extensive social worries about human rights. The new Constitution features regard for the privileges of all, with specific accentuation on the acknowledgment of decent variety. This suggests a comprehensive way to deal with training as in all students are qualified for suitable instruction. It was contended by Engelbrecht et al. (1999: viii) this is just conceivable on the off chance that one instruction framework is at risk for instructive arrangement, and not two frameworks (I. e. standard and custom curriculum framework). Anyway with the end goal for it to be powerful, schools, study halls and instructors should be set up to change and upheld in doing as such. There has never been a proper avoidance in our nation. Students with a wide assortment of a custom curriculum needs were and are to be found in numerous homerooms. The distinction currently is that these students are perceived as reserving the option to get to the educational plan and the privilege to an educational program which is fitting to their adapting needs. This has suggestions for the idea of the school and study hall situations, the idea of the educational program and jobs of instructors, guardians and networks in the training everything being equal. A guarantee to consideration doesn't imply that all students with a specialized curriculum needs will fundamentally be in standard homerooms. There will consistently be a rare sorts of people who are better provided food for in discrete situations. Consideration and instruction for all The 1994 report from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), expressed and I quote. â€Å"The core value that advises this system is that schools ought to suit all students paying little mind to their physical, scholarly, social, passionate, etymological or different conditions. This ought to incorporate impaired and skilled students, road and working students, students from remote or migrant populaces, students from phonetic, ethnic or social minorities and students from other burdened or minimized region or gatherings. † as it were, incorporation isn't just about recreating arrangement for students with incapacities, yet is a methods for stretching out instructive chances to a wide scope of minimized gatherings who may generally have had a next to zero access to tutoring. This is of incredible essentialness in our nation, considering our past (politically-sanctioned racial segregation period). There are numerous diaries and books dependent on comprehensive training, and how to run a comprehensive school and study hall, so before continuing endlessly, I will quickly diagram events of boundaries to learning and advancement of students. There are two gatherings: inherent variables †those situated inside the individual student themselves. The students are generally brought into the world with explicit attributes, for example, visual deficiency or a missing extremity. The subsequent hindrance is extraneous elements †those radiating from outside the student †that is their condition, home, childhood and instructing (Weeks, 2003: 19). On the off chance that we take a gander at: 1. Inborn boundaries The most conspicuous inherent elements are physical as well as physiological debilitations and character qualities which are brought about by numerous variables. In the event that I’m tired of my own voice at this point, I don’t need to envision how you might be feeling, so I will just framework a couple of general causes (Weeks, 2003:21). 1. 1. Hereditary or inherited elements We acquire out hereditary sythesis as chromosomes and we get an equivalent sum from each parent. Similarly as one acquires certain attributes of the guardians, for instance eye and hair shading, so as well, can a physical or physiological disability be acquired. Instances of this are poor visual perception and low degrees of knowledge. At times anomalous qualities are not acquired, yet something turns out badly with the hereditary piece during the beginning times of improvement in the uterus. This is known as â€Å"chromosomal† or â€Å"genetic† deviations. Down’s disorder and Turner’s condition may result and these students for the most part have a scholarly hindrance ((Weeks, 2003: 22). 1. 2. Previously, during and after-birth cerebrum harm A kid may experience the ill effects of different components radiation, measles or syphilis infusions, a damaged placenta, an inconsistency of blood gatherings, and so forth. During birth they may endure cerebrum harm if there is an entanglement during childbirth and; after birth; mind harm might be brought about by mishaps, ailments, for example, meningitis and, polio which may bring about changeless muscle loss of motion. Here are a couple of types of physical disabilities that are legitimately related to cerebrum harm: Epilepsy, cerebral paralysis, learning debilitations, for example, dyslexia or dyscalculia and certain types of scholarly, hearing and visual weaknesses. Students with these disabilities require exceptional instructive strategies and helps and accordingly have uncommon instructive needs, for instance, dazzle students require Braille machines. Before, these students were instructed in exceptional schools however now, the new enactment remembers them for the standard of training (Weeks, 2003:22). 1. 3. Character issues Some students have explicit characters that negatively affect their scholastic accomplishment and offers ascend to hindrances to their learning. These characteristics might be acquired or could be molded by extraneous variables (Weeks, 2003:23). Models: †¢Some students are incredibly timid and can't champion themselves. They need certainty to pose inquiries and question articulations. †¢Rebellious students and consideration searchers would prefer not to regard the authority of instructors. Instructors become disturbed and disappointed with them, consequently disregarding and rebuffing them routinely. This effects on the students accomplishment in a negative manner as the student loses intrigue and inspiration for school work. †¢Learners with a low confidence don't have the steadiness to exceed expectations. The smallest negative experience is a considerably more prominent debilitation on their inspiration to progress admirably. Presently I will diagram the second boundary which is: 2. Outward factors Extrinsic obstructions are not boundaries inside the students themselves. They are completely ordinary during childbirth yet conditions outside or past are insufficient to such an extent that they unfavorably influence their turn of events and learning and at last reason obstructions to their learning. Let’s investigate the principal factor (Weeks, 2003:23). 2. 1. Ecological components 2. 1. 1 Unfavorable financial conditions Learners of lower financial gatherings face numerous obstructions to their achievement in training. Many do well in school in spite of the troubles looked in different parts of their lives. Be that as it may, they are substantially more likely than their friends of a higher financial condition to be behind in their achievement and to leave school prior and with less capabilities, and are at far more serious danger of being prohibited from school. There are numerous reasons why students of lower financial gatherings will in general have low accomplishment. Some face such a significant number of troubles in their lives that tutoring may appear to be of low need to them and to the associations offering help. Tutoring is additionally regularly given deficient need when making and checking on care plans. There are extra factors related with along these lines of life that are not helpful for accomplishing great scholastic outcomes with respect to the student. Coming up next are instances of overflowing conditions: Poor clinical administrations, poor lighting, squeezed, stuffed and uproarious homes makes considering troublesome, constrained time for study since students are frequently expected to do house tasks and work throughout the week end to enhance the family salary, an absence of psychological incitement on the grounds that there is practically zero perusing material at home, poor language use, a lack of good examples, a general disposition about renunciation of life, Irregular and poor school participation and ultimately, a general unwinding of ethics (Weeks, 2003:24). These dangerous social conditions normally start a chain response. There are barely any schools in these regions and when there is training it isn't of an exceptionally exclusive requirement (it is connected that acceptable educators are typically found in good conditions). As indicated by Reglin (1992) these students would perform better at school if their folks and relatives engaged with their school scholastics and public activities, which we as educators completely concur. 2. 1. 2. Urban and rustic zones In urban areas, students regularly experience childhood in high rises, generally the two guardians and the single parent works. There is no parent management when students get back from school and along these lines the student can do as he/she satisfies. Youthful students are bound to the level and don't have the chance to play outside, while the more seasoned students meander uninhibitedly in shopping centers an in the city. There is next to no power over their tutoring and schoolwork and this prompts thin incitement to educational accomplishment. Contrastingly, in provincial regions, education is a lot higher than in urban areas. Guardians who themselves are unskilled; don't generally observe the estimation of instruction for their kids. They anticipate that them should leave school at a beginning time with the goal that they can enhance the family’s salary. These students go to class sporadically in light of the fact that they need to crowd cows and till fields (Weeks, 2003:25-26). 2. 1. 3. Prosperous territories Environments need not be distraught to negatively affect learners’ improvement at school. In prosperous zones there are factors that give rise

Investments in Computer Integrated Manufacturing Technology Essay

Interests in Computer Integrated Manufacturing Technology - Essay Example By altogether acknowledging and looking at these inquiries that should be tended to, then we will have the option to go to a substantially more educated and understanding perspective on this topic nearby, and too we will have the option to subsequently think of new and inventive techniques with respect to what strategies and means ought to be taken so as to put a progressively positive turn on this issue by and large. This is the thing that will be dissertated in the accompanying. There are genuinely a wide range of advantages when we discuss the term CIM (PC coordinated assembling) issues, and what CIM truly is should be appropriately comprehended before any further measures can be taken in this respects. Truth be told, CIM is an assembling theory where the capacities for the association, from item definition to the aura of the last item, are accomplished utilizing PC, correspondence, and data advances (Wikipedia, 2007). There are fundamentally three distinct segments that are thought of and known as being basic with respect to the execution of adaptable structure and assembling in this respects, and this incorporates of the accompanying three parts: the methods for information stockpiling, recovery, control and introduction; the components by which to detect state and alter substance; and finally, the procedures by which to join them. The CIM stage is the stage which is utilized to portray the total mechanization of an assembling plant, with all procedures working under PC control and computerized data integrating them (Rockford Consulting Group, 1999). Fundamentally then the CIM stage is definitely one of the most critical, and there are clearly a wide range of advantages that are picked up from CIM in general. For what reason Might DCF Methods not Take These Benefits Into Consideration When Evaluating CIM Investments There are very a significant number answers with regards to the thinking concerning why DCF techniques may not take the advantages that are closed as being from CIM forms into thought when they are assessing CIM ventures; first we should comprehend what the DCF truly is, so as to see better. The DCF (limited income) is a methods in this respects which utilizes certain strategies for examination which have both previously and as of late go under certain analysis. It truly started during the 1980s when the utilization of these DCF techniques started going under this analysis, and specifically they were seen as particularly lacking when they were being utilized to assess interests in CIM advancements, the same number of pundits guaranteed and squeezed to contend the way that these DCF strategies for analys

Puerto Rican Writers, Poets, and Essayists

Puerto Rican Writers, Poets, and Essayists As most know, Hurricane Maria hit Puerto Rico on Tuesday, September 20, 2017. It was the worst storm the island has seen in 89 years. Words like catastrophic and apocalyptic work well to describe the aftermath. There was damage to the entire electrical grid, and there are still very limited communications. This is along with flooding, ridiculous amounts of wind and water damage, and agriculture being wiped out. It would be an understatement to say it will take a long while to recover. I’m Puerto Rican. On the island are family members and a lot of people I care about. The island is a place I love. I have not lived there since before third grade, but it doesnt just leave you. It lingers, and in some ways it will always be home. I’m devastated about the state of Puerto Rico, and about the way everything has been handled after this disaster. To counteract my immense sadness, I’m remembering the beautiful aspects that make up Puerto Rico and its people. This has made me realize that I hardly ever see anything about Puerto Rican writers. I mean, I rarely see news about anyone from Puerto Rico unless it’s a tiny group of celebrities. The intellectual and creative culture of the island isn’t something a lot of people get to learn about. But its rich, and there is a deep history of people using their minds and words to spread ideas, and create stories. I want to try and spread some Puerto Rican culture. Plus, I want to try to show that we are more than the fiery personalities or ample curves that are so often highlighted in media depictions. Puerto Ricans are complex people, defined by a complicated history. There is no singular Puerto Rican viewpoint, perspective, or character. Were artists, were farmers, were musicians, were revolutionaries, were storytellers, were survivors, and were a million other things. Puerto Rican Writers One of the best ways to show the life of a culture is through reading its writings. So, I’ve compiled a list of some Puerto Rican writers. This is by no means an official, complete list, but it might help you find an author whose writing you want to check out. Ive tried to include writers of different formats and genres, so hopefully there is someone for everyone. I think it cant hurt to expand your reading horizons, especially when it leads to a better understanding of other cultures. Esmeralda Santiago   Novelist, also known for her memoirs. When I Was Puerto Rican Victor Hernandez Cruz Poet. Part of the Nuyorican Movement. Snaps, The Mountain Sea: Poems Quiara Alegria Hudes Playwright and composer. Elliot, A Soldiers Fugue Enrique Laguerre Novelist, playwright, newspaper columnist, critic. Benevolent Masters Yolanda Arroyo Pizarro Novelist, short story writer, and essayist. Ojos de Luna (Moon Eyes) Miguel Algarin Poet. Co-founder of the Nuyorican Poets Cafe. Times Now/Ya Es Tiempo Manuel Zeno Gandia   Novelist, also a medical doctor. The Pond  (generally acknowledged as the first major Puerto Rican novel) Alejandro Tapia y Rivera Novelist, poet, playwright, essayist. El Heliotropo   Luisa Capetillo Feminist, labor organizer, anarchist, writer.  Interesting fact: known as the first woman in Puerto Rico to wear trousers. She was actually arrested for wearing trousers when she went to Cuba. A Nation of Women: An Early Feminist Speaks Out; Mi Opinion Sobres Las Libertades, Derechos y Deberes de la Mujer Maria Bibiana Benitez First female poet of Puerto Rico. Also a playwright. La Ninfa de Puerto Rico, La Cruz del Morro   Eleanor Parker Sapia   Novelist. A Decent Woman   Judith Ortiz Cofer Poet, novelist, essayist. Silent Dancing: A Partial Remembrance of a Puerto Rican Childhood Rosario Ferre Short story writer, novelist, essayist, critic. Eccentric Neighborhoods,  The House on the Lagoon   Miguel PiÃ'ero Playwright, co-founder of the Nuyorican Poets Cafe. Short Eyes.   Eduardo Lalo Novelist. Simone Erika Lopez Novelist, cartoonist, performance artist. Flaming Iguanas: An Illustrated All-Girl Road Novel Thing Zoe Jimenez Corretjer Poet, short story writer, novelist, academic essayist. Cantigos del Lago Giannina Braschi Poet, novelist, essayist, dramatist. Yo-Yo Boing!   Mayra Santos-Febres Poet, novelist, essayist, literary critic, professor of literature. Sirena Selena   Eugenio Maria de Hostos Novelist, lawyer, sociologist. La Peregrinación de Bayoán Luz Maria Umpierre Poet, literary critic. The Margarita Poems Piri Thomas   Poet, also know for his memoir. Part of the Nuyorican movement. Down These Mean Streets Nicholasa Mohr   Novelist, childrens book author, playwright, short story writer. First Hispanic woman to have her work published by the major publishing houses in modern times. El Bronx Remembered Marta Moreno Vega Memoirist. Founder of the Caribbean Cultural Center African Diaspora Institute. When the Spirits Dance Mambo: Growing Up Nuyorican in El Barrio   Irene Vilar   Memoirist, often writes about generational trauma and reproductive rights. The Ladies Gallery: A Memoir of Family Secrets Jose de Diego Journalist, poet, lawyer. Cantos de Rebeldía Julia de Burgos Poet Song of the Simple Truth: The Complete Poems of Julia de Burgos   RenÉ MarquÉs Short story writer, playwright. The Oxcart/La Carreta   Ricardo AlegrÍa Cultural anthropologist, archaeologist, Puerto Rican scholar. Discovery, Conquest and Colonization of Puerto Rico, 1493â€"1599

Psychodynamic Counselling Theory Free Essay Example, 1500 words

18). Psychosocial development The turning point in the history of psychoanalytic thought was given by Jung who proposed the idea that personality development is an ongoing process and occurs in adulthood too (Cavanaugh & Blanchard-Fields, 2006,p. 352). Jung’s idea proved to be a break from Freudian thought which believed that after adolescence stage, the personality development stops (Cavanaugh & Blanchard-Fields, 2006,p. 353). However, the best-known life-span theory was Erik Erikson’s (1982), who stressed the importance of the role of social elements in the development of personality and developed a psychosocial theory showing the sequential and orderly manner in which people grow during their life-span (Cavanaugh & Blanchard-Fields, 2006,p. 353). Erikson proposed that there are eight stages in a life cycle of human being and according to him, every stage brings a struggle between the inner psychological influence and the outer social influences (Cavanaugh & Blanchard-Fields, 2006,p. 353). Personality is determined by how a person resolves and interacts with these two forces (Cavanaugh & Blanchard-Fields, 2006,p. 353). Erikson believed that as later stages and the future behavior of a person has its roots in the past, the initial stages of development should be positive in order to assure a positive and healthy development of that person(Cavanaugh & Blanchard-Fields, 2006,p. We will write a custom essay sample on Psychodynamic Counselling Theory or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now 353). Hence, as the first stage in theory is trust versus mistrust, he believes that an infant who develops a feeling of trust in the world feels very secure and comfortable (Cavanaugh & Blanchard-Fields, 2006,p. 353). The remaining stages describe the conflict between different emotions and they are as follows: 2. autonomy vs. shame, 3. initiative vs. guilt, 4. peer acceptance vs. inferiority, 5. identity vs. identity confusion, 6. intimacy vs. isolation, 7. generativity vs. stagnation, and 8. integrity vs. despair (Cavanaugh & Blanchard-Fields, 2006,p. 353). According to Erikson, people who resolve these conflicts in different stages gain the psychological strength of wisdom in their old age (Cavanaugh & Blanchard-Fields, 2006,p. 354). Psychosexual development In the year 1964, Freud proposed a psychosexual theory in which he stated that to fulfill different biological needs, a child goes through five psychosexual stages and they are oral, anal, phallic, latent and genital (Sigelman & Rider, 2006, p. 31). Each stage brings a conflict between the biological instincts and the social demands (Sigelman & Rider, 2006, p.

The Leadership Styles Of Social Work - 2290 Words

Social work is one of the most diverse fields in that there are so many distinct areas that social workers can specialize in such as family, children and school social work; community social work; health and medical social work; mental health and psychiatric social work; substance abuse social work; hospice social work; military social work; as well as positions in policy, administration and research. Because the field is so varied, there is no one size fits all leadership style. Each of these distinct subdivisions of the social work field calls for different leadership styles. Also dependent on the most effective leadership style in any given work environment is the employees themselves, as some may need a more transactional approach where as other may work better with a non-transactional laissez-faire style of leadership. Taking this information into consideration, it would seem that full-range leadership would be the best approach when discussing the broad field of social work. Th e leader would need to be knowledgeable about the many different styles of leadership so that they would be able to apply the right leadership style to the appropriate situation or to fit the employee’s personality or level of expertise. The full-range leadership model is composed of both transactional and transformational styles of leadership, with the knowledgeable leader applying the appropriate style to match the situation and or employee. Bass et al. posits that the leaders that are mostShow MoreRelatedLeadership Styles And How They Influence Social Work1364 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership Styles and How They Influence Social Work Curtis E. Mitchell Colombia College Hums 345: Working with Communities Organizations Abstract Acquiring positions of authority comes with the added responsibility of making sure you are correctly and competently communicating the ideals set forth by your agency. Social workers and helpers who are in leadership positions have to understand the many facets involved in leading and guiding people. Leadership styles are often affected by culturalRead MoreLeadership Styles And Theories Of Leadership1570 Words   |  7 Pages Leadership styles will vary in different situations for a coach. The same coach may have one style of leadership for different teams in the same sport depending on the players’ ages, nationalities, gender, and personalities (Weinberg Gould, 2015, p. 212-213). To recognize the consequences of leadership using Chelladurai’s model, the research to determine the type of leadership a coach should demonstrate for team satisfaction, should include satisfaction, cohesion, performance, and intrinsicRead MoreLeadership Style And Its Affect On Teams981 Words   |  4 PagesLeadership and Teams In todays work environment with undoubtedly constant business changes and ever-changing goals and objectives, it’s important to understand a groups normalcies and how the group interacts with each other. There are a variety of different leadership styles and characteristics that make up these styles. In this essay we will discuss a Participative leadership style and its affect on teams. We will review the specific tenets a Participative leader follows in order to reach goalsRead MoreThe Leadership Theory Of Organizational Needs1507 Words   |  7 Pagesleaders have the right skills, while also having a foundation of a specific leadership theory to drive the daily functions of the organization. As important as these aspects are, it is even more important that leaders take the time to evaluate their leadership style and philosophy to ensure that they remain effective and efficient in their work. Fisher (2009) notes that it is important to recognize the type of leadership tha t is most effective with staff, so that it can be applied accordingly. ByRead MoreCase Study : Business Research Methods1239 Words   |  5 PagesMethods Assessment 1: Structured Abstract This structured abstract will review the topic of ‘leadership’ through the research of, Fiedler, Ahn and Ettner, Muchiri et al and Vimba et al. 1. Brief summary of the theory and progression in the field (i.e., how has the theory developed since first proposed?) Fielder’s research, which occurred in 1964, proposes that the most important aspect of successful leadership is the relationship between the leader and his or her subordinates and that this aspect createsRead MoreLeadership Styles : Leadership Style780 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Leadership style is designed according to a pioneer s behaviors, which is enveloped under behaviorist theory. Inside of this class, distinctive examples of leadership behavior are watched and classified as leadership styles. Practicing managers have a tendency to be the most keen on looking into this specific theory in light of the fact that with it leaders can modify their style taking into account the convictions, values, inclinations and society of the association they work for. Read MoreLeadership For An Advanced Practice Nurse997 Words   |  4 PagesIndividual Leadership Assessment Paper Meta Cristiano NUR 604-QM2: Leadership in Advanced Nursing Practice Roles School of Nursing University of Alabama at Birmingham Fall, 2016 Individual Leadership Assessment Leadership is a very important role for an advanced practice nurse. There are many leadership styles a person can utilize when working in a collaborative team environment. It is the responsibility of an advance practice nurse to take on a leadership role and findingRead MoreThe Continuity Of Nursing Care1680 Words   |  7 Pagescontinuity of nursing care through listing specific nursing action necessary to achieve the goals of care. CRITICAL EVALUATION Leadership and leadership style Personal life I have been able to influence the behaviours of other especially in my home in order to achieve my family’s members task and objective by employing a democratic style of leadership. I do not over manager or under-manage my family or personal affairs but have struck a balance towards doing that. One must find a wayRead MoreLeadership Models : The Transformational Leadership Model818 Words   |  4 Pagesplethora of leadership models to choose from, however, not all leadership model are able to transcend cultures ethically. Organizations seeking to globalize and diversify must choose a leadership model that is equipped to hand such challenges. The cultural style impacts the leadership model, styles and traits, ethical leadership models are tools for shaping organizational culture while honoring the diversity of the social cultures represented by employees. The transformational leadership model is equippedRead MoreTransformational Leadership : John Burns1410 Words   |   6 Pagesof transformational leadership originated with the idea of â€Å"transforming leadership,† dubbed by leadership expert James Burns. Burns described transforming leadership as an interaction between leaders and followers so that they â€Å"raise one another to higher levels of motivation and morality†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Wren, 1995, p. 101). Burns’s colleague, Bernard Bass, formulated the theory of transformational leadership based on Burns’s original idea. The simple word change implies that leadership is a process rather

Teen’s Alcohol Abuse Free Essays

The study aims to identify the factors influencing alcohol abuse among teenagers whose age range from 13 to 19 years. Stratified random sampling will be applied, with samples coming from across the state to ensure the heterogeneity of the sample in terms of the variables being studied. Stratified random sampling is done by dividing the population into strata, in this case by the towns the respondents currently reside, then by employing simple random sampling from each stratum (or town) (Johnston, B. We will write a custom essay sample on Teen’s Alcohol Abuse or any similar topic only for you Order Now , and Christensen, L., 2000). The target number of sample will be set at 10% of the 13-19 year old population in each town (rural or urban). A possible barrier to achieving this set number of sample however is the difficulty in achieving this huge target due to the limited time and financial resources. A solution seen to overcome this barrier is through the use of the internet and sending of electronic mails to reach the respondents. The use of this type of method of data gathering may possibly cause risks in the validity of the answers given by the respondents. Confusion on the part of the respondents may take place, and the researcher may not be available at all times to attend to clarifications. In order for this threat to be avoided, the survey questions have been constructed to be simple and concise. This sample is said to be representative of the population because of the randomization that has been done to assure that the sample is composed of individuals who are not in any way homogenized in one or more traits or characteristics being studied. The survey tool used is a 13-item questionnaire with open-ended and closed-ended questions. Possible answers which are mutually exclusive have been constructed. Should the answer not be found in the list of answers, then the sample may choose to state his response. The survey tool and variables measured The variables are demographic in nature such as age, and several socio-cultural variables such as the individuals the respondent is currently living with, annual family income, the drinking history of the parents, attitude of the parents towards alcohol, and the respondent’s experience in witnessing violence and the frequency of witnessing this violence. Behavioral and attitudinal characteristics of the respondents will also be measured, such current alcohol intake, frequency of alcohol intake, and history of alcohol abuse, and availability of or accessibility to alcohol. The variable â€Å"age† is defined as the age of the respondent in years at the time of the study. This variable is answered by the second survey question, which is a closed-ended one. Since the level of measurement is ratio, the response to this item will be coded as it is. â€Å"Companion in Residence† is defined as the individual/s (if any) with whom the respondent has live with for the most part of his life. This has been defined in such a manner due to the assumption that should an individual’s beliefs or behavior be affected by another individual, this effect is said to be incurred by the person he has lived with longest in his life. Possible responses to this question include parents, relatives or guardians, friends or peers, or none. It is a closed-ended type of survey question. The variable â€Å"annual family income† is defined as the average income in US$ incurred by the family in one year. It will be measured in the fourth survey question which is a closed-ended one. The lowest class of the range has been set at less than $5000, whereas the highest has been set at $65,001 and above. Since the level of measurement is ratio, the response to this item will be coded as it is. The variable â€Å"alcohol drinking† is defined as the respondent’s current behavior towards alcohol, i.e. if he at present drinks or does not drink alcohol. This variable will be measured in the fifth survey question, where the respondent answers â€Å"yes† to indicate that he currently drinks alcohol, or a â€Å"no† to indicate that he does not currently drink alcohol. The question is a closed ended one. How to cite Teen’s Alcohol Abuse, Papers

Ups Smart Labels free essay sample

What role do they play in UPS operations? Smart labels are computerized, bar-coded label that is used to provide shipping information. They play a huge role in UPS operations because they provide customer information for shipping which makes for faster and more reliable shipping. The label is scanned at each part of shipment and delivery so the customer can track their packages and it’s accounted for from start to finish. 2. Write out the steps a package takes from pick-up by a UPS driver to delivery including the role of DIAD, the UPS Data Center, and the UPS Package Center. The driver picks up the package from the customer and creates a smart label that contains all shipping information and a tracking number, this information is sent to the warehouse. The driver will always carry a DIAD which is a basically a hand held computer that will show the driver which routes to take and his stops for the day. We will write a custom essay sample on Ups Smart Labels or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The driver will scan the package information into the DIAD so that the information is available to the Data Center and to the customer. All packages will be process through a UPS package center. 3. What role does wireless communication play in the UPS systems? Wireless communication allows the UPS drivers to have complete flexibility in the field and up to date information about changes to their routes or new pick-ups. This makes more efficient deliveries and pick-ups for the customers and I would imagine it makes for better fuel mileage which is really important these days. 4. How has information technology transformed the package delivery business? Information technology has had a huge impact on the package delivery business by allowing more efficient and customer oriented business practices. The logistics side of the business has been greatly improved because the drivers are being tracked and their whereabouts is known at all times and also the drivers know immediately if their route or pick up has changed. 5. How does UPSs investment in IT help it achieve the strategic business objectives described in Chapter 1? Without the most efficient and up to date software and hardware, UPS would not be able to compete with other package delivery firms. It’s a very competitive market and with the right information technology UPS is able to add real value to their business.